|| PREAMBLE ||
WE, THE PEOPLE OF
INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a [SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST
SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC] and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social,
economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression,
belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and
of opportunity;
and to promote among
them all
FRATERNITY assuring
the dignity of the individual and the [unity and integrity of the
Nation];
IN OUR CONSTITUENT
ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND
GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.
PART
I
THE
UNION AND ITS TERRITORY ARTICLES
1. Name and territory of the
Union.
2. Admission or establishment of new
States.
2A. [Omitted.]
3. Formation of new States and
alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.
4. Laws made under articles 2 and 3
to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and
supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.
PART
II
CITIZENSHIP
5. Citizenship at the commencement
of the Constitution.
6. Rights of citizenship of certain
persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.
7. Rights of citizenship of certain
migrants to Pakistan.
8. Rights of citizenship of certain
persons of Indian origin residing outside India.
9. Persons voluntarily acquiring
citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens.
10. Continuance of the rights of
citizenship.
11. Parliament to regulate the right
of citizenship by law.
PART
III
FUNDAMENTAL
RIGHTS
General
12. Definition.
13. Laws inconsistent with or in
derogation of the fundamental rights.
Right to Equality
14. Equality before law.
15. Prohibition of discrimination on
grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
16. Equality of opportunity in
matters of public employment.
17. Abolition of
Untouchability.
18. Abolition of titles. Right to
Freedom
19. Protection of certain rights
regarding freedom of speech, etc.
20. Protection in respect of
conviction for offences.
21. Protection of life and personal
liberty.
21A. Right to education.
22. Protection against arrest and
detention in certain cases.
Right against Exploitation
23. Prohibition of traffic in human
beings and forced labour.
24. Prohibition of employment of
children in factories, etc. Right to Freedom of Religion
25. Freedom of conscience and free
profession, practice and propagation of religion.
26. Freedom to manage religious
affairs.
27. Freedom as to payment of taxes
for promotion of any particular religion.
28. Freedom as to attendance at
religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational
institutions.
Cultural and Educational
Rights
29. Protection of interests of
minorities.
30. Right of minorities to establish
and administer educational institutions.
31. [Omitted.]
Saving of Certain Laws
31A. Saving of Laws providing for
acquisition of estates, etc.
31B. Validation of certain Acts and
Regulations.
31C. Saving of laws giving effect to
certain directive principles.
31D. [Omitted.]
Right to Constitutional
Remedies
32. Remedies for enforcement of
rights conferred by this Part.
32A. [Omitted.]
33. Power of Parliament to modify
the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.
34. Restriction on rights conferred
by this Part while martial law is in force in any area.
35. Legislation to give effect to
the provisions of this Part.
PART
IV
DIRECTIVE
PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY
36. Definition.
37. Application of the principles
contained in this Part.
38. State to secure a social order
for the promotion of welfare of the people.
39. Certain principles of policy to
be followed by the State.
39A. Equal justice and free legal
aid.
40. Organisation of village
panchayats.
41. Right to work, to education and
to public assistance in certain cases.
42. Provision for just and humane
conditions of work and maternity relief.
43. Living wage, etc., for
workers.
43A. Participation of workers in
management of industries.
43B. Promotion of co-operative
societies.
44. Uniform civil code for the
citizens.
45. Provision for early childhood
care and education to children below the age of six years. 46. Promotion of
educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and
other weaker sections.
47. Duty of the State to raise the
level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public
health.
48. Organisation of agriculture and
animal husbandry.
48A. Protection and improvement of
environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life.
49. Protection of monuments and
places and objects of national importance.
50. Separation of judiciary from
executive.
51. Promotion of international peace
and security.
PART
IVA
FUNDAMENTAL
DUTIES
51A. Fundamental duties.
PART
V
THE
UNION
CHAPTER I
THE EXECUTIVE
The President and
Vice-President
52. The President of India.
53. Executive power of the
Union.
54. Election of President.
55. Manner of election of
President.
56. Term of office of
President.
57. Eligibility for
re-election.
58. Qualifications for election as
President.
59. Conditions of President’s
office.
60. Oath or affirmation by the
President.
61. Procedure for impeachment of the
President.
62. Time of holding election to fill
vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to
fill casual vacancy.
63. The Vice-President of
India.
64. The Vice-President to be ex
officio Chairman of the Council of States.
65. The Vice-President to act as
President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office,
or during the absence, of President.
66. Election of
Vice-President.
67. Term of office of
Vice-President.
68. Time of holding election to fill
vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person
elected to fill casual vacancy.
69. Oath or affirmation by the
Vice-President.
70. Discharge of President’s
functions in other contingencies.
71. Matters relating to, or
connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President.
72. Power of President to grant
pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain
cases.
73. Extent of executive power of the
Union.
Council of Ministers
74. Council of Ministers to aid and
advise President.
75. Other provisions as to
Ministers.
The Attorney-General for India
76. Attorney-General for
India.
Conduct of Government Business
77. Conduct of business of the
Government of India.
78. Duties of Prime Minister as
respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.
CHAPTER II.
PARLIAMENT
General
79. Constitution of
Parliament.
80. Composition of the Council of
States.
81. Composition of the House of the
People.
82. Readjustment after each
census.
83. Duration of Houses of
Parliament.
84. Qualification for membership of
Parliament.
85. Sessions of Parliament,
prorogation and dissolution.
86. Right of President to address
and send messages to Houses.
87. Special address by the
President.
88. Rights of Ministers and
Attorney-General as respects Houses.
Officers of Parliament
89. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman
of the Council of States.
90. Vacation and resignation of, and
removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman.
91. Power of the Deputy Chairman or
other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as,
Chairman.
92. The Chairman or the Deputy
Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under
consideration.
93. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker
of the House of the People.
94. Vacation and resignation of, and
removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
95. Power of the Deputy Speaker or
other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as,
Speaker.
96. The Speaker or the Deputy
Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under
consideration.
97. Salaries and allowances of the
Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
98. Secretariat of Parliament.
Conduct of Business
99. Oath or affirmation by
members.
100. Voting in Houses, power of
Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.
Disqualifications of Members
101. Vacation of seats.
102. Disqualifications for
membership.
103. Decision on questions as to
disqualifications of members.
104. Penalty for sitting and voting
before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or
when disqualified.
Powers, Privileges and Immunities of
Parliament and its Members
105. Powers, privileges, etc., of
the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof.
106. Salaries and allowances of
members.
Legislative Procedure
107. Provisions as to introduction
and passing of Bills.
108. Joint sitting of both Houses in
certain cases.
109. Special procedure in respect of
Money Bills.
110. Definition of “Money
Bills”.
111. Assent to Bills.
Procedure in Financial Matters
112. Annual financial
statement.
113. Procedure in Parliament with
respect to estimates.
114. Appropriation Bills.
115. Supplementary, additional or
excess grants.
116. Votes on account, votes of
credit and exceptional grants.
117. Special provisions as to
financial Bills.
Procedure Generally
118. Rules of procedure.
119. Regulation by law of
procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business.
120. Language to be used in
Parliament.
121. Restriction on discussion in
Parliament.
122. Courts not to inquire into
proceedings of Parliament.
CHAPTER III.
LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE
PRESIDENT
123.Power of President to promulgate
Ordinances during recess of Parliament.
CHAPTER IV.
THE UNION JUDICIARY
124. Establishment and constitution
of Supreme Court.
124A. National Judicial Appointments
Commission.
124B. Functions of Commission.
124C. Power of Parliament to make
law.
125. Salaries, etc., of
Judges.
126. Appointment of acting Chief
Justice.
127. Appointment of ad hoc judges.
128. Attendance of retired Judges at
sittings of the Supreme Court.
129. Supreme Court to be a court of
record.
130. Seat of Supreme Court.
131. Original jurisdiction of the
Supreme Court.
131A. [Omitted.]
132. Appellate jurisdiction of
Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases.
133. Appellate jurisdiction of
Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters.
134. Appellate jurisdiction of
Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters.
134A. Certificate for appeal to the
Supreme Court.
135. Jurisdiction and powers of the
Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court.
136. Special leave to appeal by the
Supreme Court.
137. Review of judgments or orders
by the Supreme Court.
138. Enlargement of the jurisdiction
of the Supreme Court.
139. Conferment on the Supreme Court
of powers to issue certain writs.
139A. Transfer of certain
cases.
140. Ancillary powers of Supreme
Court.
141. Law declared by Supreme Court
to be binding on all courts.
142. Enforcement of decrees and
orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
143. Power of President to consult
Supreme Court.
144. Civil and judicial authorities
to act in aid of the Supreme Court.
144A. [Omitted.]
145. Rules of Court, etc.
146. Officers and servants and the
expenses of the Supreme Court.
147. Interpretation.
CHAPTER V.
COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL OF
INDIA
148. Comptroller and Auditor-General
of India.
149. Duties and powers of the
Comptroller and Auditor-General.
150. Form of accounts of the Union
and of the States.
151. Audit reports.
PART
VI
THE
STATES
CHAPTER I - GENERAL
152. Definition.
CHAPTER II - THE EXECUTIVE
The Governor
153. Governors of States.
154. Executive power of State.
155. Appointment of Governor.
156. Term of office of
Governor.
157. Qualifications for appointment
as Governor.
158. Conditions of Governor’s
office.
159. Oath or affirmation by the
Governor.
160. Discharge of the functions of
the Governor in certain contingencies.
161. Power of Governor to grant
pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain
cases.
162. Extent of executive power of
State. Council of Ministers
163. Council of Ministers to aid and
advise Governor.
164. Other provisions as to
Ministers.
The Advocate-General for the
State
165. Advocate-General for the State.
Conduct of Government Business
166. Conduct of business of the
Government of a State.
167. Duties of Chief Minister as
respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc.
CHAPTER III.
THE STATE LEGISLATURE
General
168. Constitution of Legislatures in
States.
169. Abolition or creation of
Legislative Councils in States.
170. Composition of the Legislative
Assemblies.
171. Composition of the Legislative
Councils.
172. Duration of State
Legislatures.
173. Qualification for membership of
the State Legislature.
174. Sessions of the State Legislature,
prorogation and dissolution.
175. Right of Governor to address
and send messages to the House or Houses.
176. Special address by the
Governor.
177. Rights of Ministers and
Advocate-General as respects the Houses.
Officers of the State Legislature
178. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker
of the Legislative Assembly.
179. Vacation and resignation of,
and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
180. Power of the Deputy Speaker or
other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as,
Speaker.
181. The Speaker or the Deputy
Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under
consideration.
182. The Chairman and Deputy
Chairman of the Legislative Council.
183. Vacation and resignation of, and
removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
184. Power of the Deputy Chairman or
other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as,
Chairman.
185. The Chairman or the Deputy
Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under
consideration.
186. Salaries and allowances of the
Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman. 187.
Secretariat of State Legislature.
Conduct of Business
188. Oath or affirmation by
members.
189. Voting in Houses, power of
Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum. Disqualifications of
Members
190. Vacation of seats.
191. Disqualifications for
membership.
192. Decision on questions as to
disqualifications of members.
193. Penalty for sitting and voting
before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or
when disqualified.
Powers, privileges and immunities of
State Legislatures and their Members
194. Powers, privileges, etc., of
the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof. 195.
Salaries and allowances of members. Legislative Procedure
196. Provisions as to introduction
and passing of Bills.
197. Restriction on powers of
Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills.
198. Special procedure in respect of
Money Bills.
199. Definition of “Money
Bills”.
200. Assent to Bills.
201. Bills reserved for
consideration. Procedure in Financial Matters
202. Annual financial statement.
203. Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates.
204. Appropriation Bills.
205. Supplementary, additional or
excess grants.
206. Votes on account, votes of
credit and exceptional grants.
207. Special provisions as to
financial Bills. Procedure Generally
208. Rules of procedure.
209. Regulation by law of procedure
in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business.
210. Language to be used in the
Legislature.
211. Restriction on discussion in
the Legislature.
212. Courts not to inquire into
proceedings of the Legislature.
CHAPTER IV.
LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE
GOVERNOR
213. Power of Governor to promulgate
Ordinances during recess of Legislature.
CHAPTER V.
THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATES
214. High Courts for States.
215. High Courts to be courts of
record.
216. Constitution of High
Courts.
217. Appointment and conditions of
the office of a Judge of a High Court.
218. Application of certain
provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts.
219. Oath or affirmation by Judges
of High Courts.
220. Restriction on practice after
being a permanent Judge.
221. Salaries, etc., of
Judges.
222. Transfer of a Judge from one
High Court to another.
223. Appointment of acting Chief
Justice.
224. Appointment of additional and
acting Judges.
224A. Appointment of retired Judges
at sittings of High Courts.
225. Jurisdiction of existing High
Courts.
226. Power of High Courts to issue
certain writs.
226A. [Omitted]
227. Power of superintendence over
all courts by the High Court.
228. Transfer of certain cases to
High Court.
228A. [Omitted .]
229. Officers and servants and the
expenses of High Courts.
230. Extension of jurisdiction of
High Courts to Union territories.
231. Establishment of a common High
Court for two or more States.
CHAPTER VI
SUBORDINATE COURTS
233. Appointment of district
judges.
233A. Validation of appointments of,
and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges.
234. Recruitment of persons other
than district judges to the judicial service.
235. Control over subordinate
courts.
236. Interpretation.
237. Application of the provisions
of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates.
PART
VII- [Omitted]
THE
STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE
238. [Omitted .]
PART
VIII
THE
UNION TERRITORIES
239. Administration of Union
territories.
239A. Creation of local Legislatures
or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories.
239AA. Special provisions with
respect to Delhi.
239AB. Provision in case of failure
of constitutional machinery.
239B. Power of administrator to
promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.
240. Power of President to make
regulations for certain Union territories.
241. High Courts for Union
territories.
242. [Omitted .]
PART
IX
THE
PANCHAYATS
243. Definitions.
243A. Gram Sabha.
243B. Constitution of
Panchayats.
243C. Composition of
Panchayats.
243D. Reservation of seats.
243E. Duration of Panchayats,
etc.
243F. Disqualifications for
membership.
243G. Powers, authority and responsibilities
of Panchayats.
243H. Powers to impose taxes by, and
Funds of, the Panchayats.
243-I. Constitution of Finance
Commission to review financial position. 243J. Audit of accounts of
Panchayats.
243K. Elections to the
Panchayats.
243L. Application to Union
territories.
243M. Part not to apply to certain
areas.
243N. Continuance of existing laws
and Panchayats.
243-O. Bar to interference by courts
in electoral matters.
PART
IXA
THE
MUNICIPALITIES
243P. Definitions.
243Q. Constitution of
Municipalities.
243R. Composition of
Municipalities.
243S. Constitution and composition
of Wards Committees, etc.
243T. Reservation of seats. 243U.
Duration of Municipalities, etc.
243V. Disqualifications for
membership.
243W. Powers, authority and
responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.
243X. Power to impose taxes by, and
Funds of, the Municipalities.
243Y. Finance Commission. 243Z.Audit
of accounts of Municipalities.
243ZA.Elections to the
Municipalities.
243ZB.Application to Union territories.
243ZC. Part not to apply to certain
areas.
243ZD.Committee for district
planning.
243ZE.Committee for Metropolitan
planning.
243ZF.Continuance of existing laws
and Municipalities.
243ZG.Bar to interference by courts
in electoral matters.
PART
IXB
THE
CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES
243ZH. Definitions.
243Z-I. Incorporation of
co-operative societies.
243ZJ. Number and term of members of
board and its office bearers.
243ZK. Election of members of
board.
243ZL. Supersession and suspension
of board and interim management.
243ZM. Audit of accounts of
co-operative societies.
243ZN. Convening of general body
meetings.
243Z-O. Right of a member to get
information.
243ZP. Returns.
243ZQ. Offences and penalties.
243ZR. Application to multi-State
co-operative societies.
243ZS. Application to Union
territories.
243ZT. Continuance of existing
laws.
PART
X
THE
SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS
244. Administration of Scheduled
Areas and Tribal Areas.
244A. Formation of an autonomous
State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local
Legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefor.
PART
XI
RELATIONS
BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES
CHAPTER I.
LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS
Distribution of Legislative
Powers
245. Extent of laws made by
Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
246. Subject-matter of laws made by
Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
247. Power of Parliament to provide
for the establishment of certain additional courts.
248. Residuary powers of legislation.
249. Power of Parliament to
legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national
interest.
250. Power of Parliament to
legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of
Emergency is in operation.
251. Inconsistency between laws made
by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of
States.
252. Power of Parliament to
legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by
any other State.
253. Legislation for giving effect
to international agreements.
254. Inconsistency between laws made
by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States.
255. Requirements as to
recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only.
CHAPTER II.
ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS
General
256. Obligation of States and the
Union. 257. Control of the Union over States in certain cases. 15 ARTICLES
257A. [Omitted .] 258. Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in
certain cases. 258A. Power of the States to entrust functions to the Union.
259. [Omitted .] 260. Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories
outside India. 261. Public acts, records and judicial proceedings. Disputes
relating to Waters 262. Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of
inter-State rivers or river valleys. Co-ordination between States 263.
Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council.
PART
XII
FINANCE,
PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS
CHAPTER I.
FINANCE
General
264. Interpretation.
265. Taxes not to be imposed save by
authority of law.
266. Consolidated Funds and public
accounts of India and of the States.
267. Contingency Fund. Distribution
of Revenues between the Union and the States
268. Duties levied by the Union but
collected and appropriated by the State.
268A. [Omitted]
269. Taxes levied and collected by
the Union but assigned to the States.
270. Taxes levied and distributed
between the Union and the States.
271. Surcharge on certain duties and
taxes for purposes of the Union.
272. [Omitted.]
273. Grants in lieu of export duty
on jute and jute products.
274. Prior recommendation of
President required to Bills affecting taxation in which States are
interested.
275. Grants from the Union to
certain States.
276. Taxes on professions, trades,
callings and employments.
277. Savings.
278. [Omitted.]
279. Calculation of “net proceeds”,
etc.
280. Finance Commission.
281. Recommendations of the Finance
Commission. Miscellaneous financial provisions
282. Expenditure defrayable by the
Union or a State out of its revenues.
283. Custody, etc., of Consolidated
Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts.
284. Custody of suitors’ deposits
and other moneys received by public servants and courts.
285. Exemption of property of the
Union from State taxation.
286. Restrictions as to imposition
of tax on the sale or purchase of goods.
287. Exemption from taxes on
electricity.
288. Exemption from taxation by
States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases.
289. Exemption of property and
income of a State from Union taxation.
290. Adjustment in respect of
certain expenses and pensions.
290A. Annual payment to certain
Devaswom Funds.
291. [Omitted .]
CHAPTER II.
BORROWING
292. Borrowing by the Government of
India. 293. Borrowing by States.
CHAPTER III.
PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, RIGHTS,
LIABILITIES, OBLIGATIONS AND SUITS
294. Succession to property, assets,
rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases.
295. Succession to property, assets,
rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases.
296. Property accruing by escheat or
laps or as bona vacantia.
297. Things of value within
territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic
zone to vest in the Union.
298. Power to carry on trade,
etc.
299. Contracts.
300. Suits and proceedings.
CHAPTER IV.
RIGHT TO PROPERTY
300A. Persons not to be deprived of
property save by authority of law.
PART
XIII
TRADE,
COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA
301. Freedom of trade, commerce and
intercourse.
302. Power of Parliament to impose
restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse.
303. Restrictions on the legislative
powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce.
304. Restrictions on trade, commerce
and intercourse among States.
305. Saving of existing laws and
laws providing for State monopolies. 306. [Omitted .]
307. Appointment of authority for
carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304.
PART
XIV
SERVICES
UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES
CHAPTER I.
SERVICES
308. Interpretation.
309. Recruitment and conditions of
service of persons serving the Union or a State.
310. Tenure of office of persons
serving the Union or a State.
311. Dismissal, removal or reduction
in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a
State.
312. All-India services.
312A. Power of Parliament to vary or
revoke conditions of service of officers of certain services.
313. Transitional provisions.
314. [Omitted .]
CHAPTER II
PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS
315. Public Service Commissions for
the Union and for the States.
316. Appointment and term of office
of members.
317. Removal and suspension of a
member of a Public Service Commission.
318. Power to make regulations as to
conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission.
319. Prohibition as to the holding
of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members.
320. Functions of Public Service
Commissions.
321. Power to extend functions of
Public Service Commissions.
322. Expenses of Public Service
Commissions.
323. Reports of Public Service
Commissions.
PART
XIVA
TRIBUNALS
323A. Administrative
tribunals.
323B. Tribunals for other
matters.
PART
XV
ELECTIONS
324. Superintendence, direction and
control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.
325. No person to be ineligible for
inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on
grounds of religion, race, caste or sex.
326. Elections to the House of the
People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult
suffrage.
327. Power of Parliament to make
provision with respect to elections to Legislatures.
328. Power of Legislature of a State
to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature.
329. Bar to interference by
courts in electoral matters.
329A. [Omitted .]
PART
XVI
SPECIAL
PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES
330. Reservation of seats for
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People.
331. Representation of the
Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People.
332. Reservation of seats for
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the
States.
333. Representation of the
Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
334. Reservation of seats and
special representation to cease after seventy years.
335. Claims of Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes to services and posts.
336. Special provision for
Anglo-Indian community in certain services.
337. Special provision with respect
to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian Community.
338. National Commission for
Scheduled Castes.
338A. National Commission for
Scheduled Tribes.
338B. National Commission for
Backward Classes.
339. Control of the Union over the
administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes.
340. Appointment of a Commission to
investigate the conditions of backward classes.
341. Scheduled Castes.
342. Scheduled Tribes.
342A. Socially and educationally
backward classes.
PART
XVII
OFFICIAL
LANGUAGE
CHAPTER I
LANGUAGE OF THE UNION
343. Official language of the
Union.
344. Commission and Committee of
Parliament on official language.
CHAPTER II
REGIONAL LANGUAGES
345. Official language or languages
of a State.
346. Official language for
communication between one State and another or between a State and the
Union.
347. Special provision relating to
language spoken by a section of the population of a State.
CHAPTER III
LANGUAGE OF THE SUPREME COURT, HIGH
COURTS, ETC.
348. Language to be used in the
Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc. 349. Special
procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language.
CHAPTER IV
SPECIAL DIRECTIVES
350. Language to be used in
representations for redress of grievances.
350A. Facilities for instruction in
mother-tongue at primary stage.
350B. Special Officer for linguistic
minorities.
351. Directive for development of
the Hindi language.
PART
XVIII
EMERGENCY
PROVISIONS
352. Proclamation of Emergency. 353.
Effect of Proclamation of Emergency.
354. Application of provisions
relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in
operation.
355. Duty of the Union to protect
States against external aggression and internal disturbance.
356. Provisions in case of failure
of constitutional machinery in States.
357. Exercise of legislative powers
under Proclamation issued under article 356.
358. Suspension of provisions of
article 19 during emergencies.
359. Suspension of the enforcement
of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies.
359A. [Omitted.]
360. Provisions as to financial
emergency.
PART
XIX
MISCELLANEOUS
ARTICLES
361. Protection of President and
Governors and Rajpramukhs.
361A. Protection of publication of
proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures.
361B. Disqualification for
appointment on remunerative political post.
362. [Omitted.]
363. Bar to interference by courts
in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.
363A. Recognition granted to Rulers
of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished.
364. Special provisions as to major
ports and aerodromes.
365. Effect of failure to comply
with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union.
366. Definitions.
367. Interpretation.
PART
XX
AMENDMENT
OF THE CONSTITUTION
368. Power of Parliament to amend
the Constitution and procedure therefor.
PART
XXI
TEMPORARY,
TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS
369. Temporary power to Parliament
to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were
matters in the Concurrent List.
370. Temporary provisions with
respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
371. Special provision with respect
to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
371A. Special provision with respect
to the State of Nagaland.
371B. Special provision with respect
to the State of Assam.
371C. Special provision with respect
to the State of Manipur.
371D. Special provisions with
respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh or the State of Telangana
371E. Establishment of Central
University in Andhra Pradesh.
371F. Special provisions with
respect to the State of Sikkim.
371G. Special provision with respect
to the State of Mizoram.
371H. Special provision with respect
to the State of Arunachal Pradesh.
371-I. Special provision with
respect to the State of Goa.
371J. Special provisions with
respect to the State of Karnataka.
372. Continuance in force of
existing laws and their adaptation.
372A. Power of the President to
adapt laws.
373. Power of President to make
order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases.
374. Provisions as to Judges of the
Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His
Majesty in Council.
375. Courts, authorities and
officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the
Constitution.
376. Provisions as to Judges of High
Courts.
377. Provisions as to Comptroller
and Auditor-General of India.
378. Provisions as to Public Service
Commissions.
378A. Special provision as to
duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
379-391. [Omitted.]
392. Power of the President to
remove difficulties.
PART
XXII
SHORT
TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE TEXT IN HINDI AND REPEALS
393. Short title.
394. Commencement.
394A. Authoritative text in the
Hindi language.
395. Repeals.
SCHEDULES
1st SCHEDULE I
The States. II.— The Union territories.
2nd SCHEDULE
PART A— Provisions as to the
President and the Governors of States.
PART B— [Omitted.]
PART C— Provisions as to the Speaker
and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People and the Chairman and the
Deputy Chairman of the Council of States and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker
of the Legislative Assembly and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the
Legislative Council of a State.
PART D— Provisions as to the Judges
of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts. PART E— Provisions as to the
Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
3rd SCHEDULE
Forms of Oaths or
Affirmations.
4thSCHEDULE
Allocation of seats in the Council
of States.
5thSCHEDULE
Provisions as to the Administration
and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
PART A— General.
PART B—Administration and Control of
Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
PART C— Scheduled Areas.
PART D— Amendment of the
Schedule.
6th SCHEDULE
Provisions as to the Administration
of Tribal Areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
7th SCHEDULE
List I— Union
List. List II— State List.
List III— Concurrent List.
8th SCHEDULE
Languages. 21
9th SCHEDULE
Validation of certain Acts and
Regulations.
10th SCHEDULE
Provisions as to disqualification on
ground of defection.
11th SCHEDULE
Powers, authority and
responsibilities of Panchayats.
12th SCHEDULE
Powers, authority and
responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.
APPENDIX I— The Constitution
(Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954.
APPENDIX II— Re-statement, with
reference to the present text of the Constitution, of the exceptions and
modifications subject to which the Constitution applies to the State of Jammu
and Kashmir. APPENDIX III— Extracts from the Constitution (Forty-fourth
Amendment) Act, 1978
APPENDIX IV— The Constitution
(Eighty-eighth Amendment) Act, 2003.
APPENDIX
V— The Constitution (One Hundredth Amendment) Act, 2015
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